Exercise

　　Workers themselves may not even be aware of changes in the final commodities to which their work contributes, and the level of wages for any grade of factory labor is very little affected by the fortunes of particular market

　　First , by attempting to present data and argue for an interpretation , scientists have to spell out clearly what the data are, what the explanation is, and what the reasons are for believing the explanation

　　Information systems affect the scope and quality of health care, make social services more equitable, enhance personal comfort, provide a greater measure of safety and mobility, and extend the variety of leisure forms at one's disposal.

　　要點(diǎn)分析和參考譯文

　　要點(diǎn)：本句由兩個(gè)大分句并列而成，分句之間用“and” 連接；to which their work contributes是由“to which” 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾“final commodities”；動(dòng)詞“ contribute”后須用介詞“to”
　　參考譯文：工人本身甚至覺察不到自己親手生產(chǎn)的最終產(chǎn)品有了什么變化。工廠中任何級(jí)別的工人的工資水平很少受到市場(chǎng)情況好壞的影響。

　　要點(diǎn)：在用作狀語的介詞短語“ by attempting to present data and argue for an interpretation”中，動(dòng)詞不定式“to present”和“argue”并列，作動(dòng)名詞“ attempting” 得賓語。三個(gè)以“what”引導(dǎo)的名次性從句并列，作“spell out”的賓語。
　　參考譯文：首先，科學(xué)家在試圖公開資料并對(duì)資料的解釋進(jìn)行論證時(shí)，必須清楚地說明資料是什么，資料要如何解釋以及相信這種解釋的原因。

　　要點(diǎn)：本句主語是“ Information systems” , 謂語是五個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞“ affect…, make …, enhance…, provide…,and extend…”；“ at one's disposal”的意思是“由自己支配”
　　參考譯文：信息系統(tǒng)可擴(kuò)展健康保健的范圍，提高衛(wèi)生保健的質(zhì)量，使社會(huì)服務(wù)變得更公平合理，使個(gè)人生活更加舒適，為人們提供更大程度的安全，更多的流動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)，并能使人們按自己的意愿增加休閑方式。