Exercise

　　The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of “defensive medicine”, and thus it injures, in turn , the entire medical profession.

　　Rugby is generally a much tougher game than football and for a long time has had upper class associations, as until recently it was generally only played in public schools, not in state schools.

　　Western manners do not require one to say anything that is untrue, but it is best to avoid being too frank about things which would make people feel uneasy—unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it.

　　要點分析和參考譯文

　　要點：本句是有分號及連詞and 引導的并列復合句。分句一種包含有關系代詞who引導的定語從句，修飾doctors.分句二中代詞it指“the suspicion of deceit”，動詞短語contributes to意為“to help in causing a situation”，分句三中，代詞it指前文所述情況，介詞短語in turn意為“afterwards”
　　參考譯文：由于病人懷疑存在欺騙行為，使許多對病人十分誠實的醫生的工作也因此受到影響，并使醫療訴訟案和“防御性診治”增多，而這些反過來又對整個醫療事業造成損害。

　　要點：全句為主從復合句，“as”引出原因狀語從句，修飾“ and for a long time （rugby） has had upper class associations”。主句部分Rugby is generally……class associations，是帶有并列謂語“is……”和“has had……”的句子。
　　參考譯文：橄欖球賽一般比足球賽更加激烈，并且長時間以來一直是高年級學生參與的比賽，也因此直到最近比賽一般仍然僅僅在公立學校而不在州立學校舉行。

　　要點：全句為并列復合句。連詞“but”連接兩個并列句。在第二個分句中“ it is best to avoid being too frank……” 中的“it”是形式主語，實際主語是不定式“ to avoid being too frank……”。動詞“avoid”后面應接動名詞作賓語。“ which would make people feel uneasy”作“thing”的定語。在破折號后面“ unless by doing so you feel some good might come of it”作讓步狀語從句。“good”是名詞，作“feel”的賓語從句“some good might come of it”中的主語。“it”指“by doing so”所包含的前面提到的為避免重復而未具體說出的內容。
　　參考譯文：西方的行為方式并不要求人們去講假話，但是最好要避免過于直率地談論那些使人尷尬的事情——除非你認為這么做可能會有益處。